Visual Landmarks are Exaggerated: A Theoretical and Empirical View on the Meaning of Landmarks in Human Wayfinding
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Are landmarks exaggerated in human wayfinding? Daniel R. Montello says yes, and I basically agree with his opinion. However, I do agree on a different level. My aim for this discussion article is to point out why landmarks are indeed exaggerated in this research context and I will try to approach this claim from several perspectives. First, the research focus in this field is, unfortunately, mainly on visual landmarks. Second, other modalities than vision—e.g., auditory and/or olfactory senses—can be used for landmark-based wayfinding. Third, we need to clearly differentiate between conscious/effortful and unconscious/automatic processing of spatial information in the context of landmark-based wayfinding. Finally, I will suggest that landmarks, even if exaggerated in the visual domain, are (still) of significant importance in human wayfinding and spatial cognition.
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Number of citations to item: 13
- Otmar Bock, Ju-Yi Huang, Özgür A. Onur, Daniel Memmert (2023): Choice between decision-making strategies in human route-following, In: Memory & Cognition 8(51), doi:10.3758/s13421-023-01422-6
- Rebecca Albrecht, Rul von Stülpnagel (2021): Taking the right (or left?) turn: effects of landmark salience on the retrieval of route directions, In: Spatial Cognition & Computation 4(21), doi:10.1080/13875868.2021.1987438
- Eva Nuhn, Kai Hamburger, Sabine Timpf (2024): Mapping olfactory cues for wayfinding – a theoretical approach and an empirical study, In: Journal of Location Based Services 1(19), doi:10.1080/17489725.2024.2371298
- Klara Rinne, Daniel Memmert, Otmar Bock (2022): Proficiency of allocentric and egocentric wayfinding: a comparison of schoolchildren with young adults and older adults, In: Journal of Navigation 3(75), doi:10.1017/s0373463321000965
- Mira Schwarz, Kai Hamburger (2022): Modality Switching in Landmark-Based Wayfinding, In: Frontiers in Psychology, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888871
- Mira Schwarz, Kai Hamburger (2023): Memory effects of visual and olfactory landmark information in human wayfinding, In: Cognitive Processing 1(25), doi:10.1007/s10339-023-01169-7
- Otmar Bock, Ju-Yi Huang, Oezguer A. Onur, Daniel Memmert (2023): The structure of cognitive strategies for wayfinding decisions, In: Psychological Research 2(88), doi:10.1007/s00426-023-01863-3
- Kai Hamburger, Eva Nuhn (2023): Cognitive landmark research beyond visual cues using GIScience, In: Frontiers in Psychology, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1092715
- Otmar Bock, Ju-Yi Huang (2024): Determinants of task difficulty in human route-following tasks, In: Spatial Cognition & Computation 2(25), doi:10.1080/13875868.2024.2377734
- Vanessa Huston, Kai Hamburger (2023): Navigation Aid use and Human Wayfinding: How to Engage People in Active Spatial Learning, In: KI - Künstliche Intelligenz, doi:10.1007/s13218-023-00799-5
- Tharushi Abeynayake, Lakshika Meetiyagoda, Nayomi Kankanamge, Palpola Kankanamge Senevirathne Mahanama (2022): IMAGEABILITY AND LEGIBILITY: COGNITIVE ANALYSIS AND VISIBILITY ASSESSMENT IN GALLE HERITAGE CITY, In: JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 2(46), doi:10.3846/jau.2022.16177
- Aurélie Dommes, Simon Lhuillier, Vanessa Ligonnière, Mir Abolfazl Mostafavi, Valérie Gyselinck (2024): Landmark-based guidance and cognitive saliency: Age-related benefits in spatial performance, In: Journal of Environmental Psychology, doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2024.102377
- Otmar Bock, Steliana Borisova (2022): A Comparison of the Serial Order Strategy and the Associative Cue Strategy for Decision Making in Wayfinding Tasks, In: Interdisciplinary Journal of Signage and Wayfinding 2(6), doi:10.15763/issn.2470-9670.2022.v6.i2.a117